Drier



L. R. CHRISTIE DRIER.

APPLICATION FILED 1AN.6, 1919.

Patented Mar. 2, 1920.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

//7 van 0r L. R. CHRISTIE DRIER:

APPLICATION FILED IAN. 6| 1919- Patented Mar. 2, 1920.,

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2- witnesses 25w MW "LINDSAY It; CHRISTIE, F PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA.

DRIER.

Specification of Letters Patent.-

Patented Mar. 2, 1920.

Application filed January 6, 1919. Serial No. 269,753.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LINDSAY R. CHRIBTIE,

- a citizen of the United States, and a resident' of Pittsburgh, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new. and useful Improvement in Driers; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and'exact description thereof.

My invention relates to driers, and has speclal reference to what are known as direct heat driers for use in drying granular or clayey material.

y The object of my invention is to produce a cheap, simple and eflicient form ofa drier,

which can be conveniently and easily operated, will be strong, compact and not liable to get out of order, and will quickly and-thoroughlydry the material fed to the same.

1 To these ends my invention consists, generally stated, in the novel construction, ar-

rangement and combination of parts, as

hereinafter more specifically set forth and described and particularly pointed out in the claims. I

To enable others skilled in the art to which my invention appertains to construct and use my improved drier, I will describe thesame more fully, referring to the accompanying drawings, in which-- Figs-8 and 9 are detail views another form of the nozzles; and f Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical sec- Fig! 7 is a sectional view showing another manner of leading the gases into the. I

inner shell.

' Fig. 10 is a perspective view of one of the nozzles shown in Fig. 1.

V. .Likesymbols of reference herein indicate like parts 1n"e'ach 'of the figures of; the drawing.

' As illustratedin the drawings my imi a showing proved drier is shown at A and is adapted to be mounted on any suitable foundation or base, as at a, and preferably at an incline. This drier A comprises a cylindrical drum b having an outer shell 1 and an inner shell 2.-which are separated from each other to form the space 3 between the same by means of the supporting arms t connected to such shells by the angles fl and by the nozzles hereinafter described. These arms are loosely mounted at their connections be-- tween the shells 1 and 2 in any suitable manner to permit of 'unequal expansion in the shells 1 and 2. These two shells stand 2 are adapted to be rotated together by means of any suitable mechanism 5 supported on the base a at the front end of the drum 6 which is connected through suitable gearing 6 with a gear wheel 7 surrounding the outer shell 1 and operated by any suitable source of power. The rear end of the drum b is supported on a bearin ring 8 surrounding the outer shell 1, whic travels within horizontally mountbd supporting wheels 9 supported by the base a, and the front end of such drier is supported by a a like bearing ring '10 which travels on 'vcr-,

tically mounted supporting wheels 11 supported onsaid base.

Fitting over the supporting arms 4 and attached at their outer ends by the angles 4:" to the. outer shell '1 are-the deep flights 7 12, which are adapted to form chambers 13 in the space '3 between the shells 1 and 2.

These flights 12 extend almost to-theangles" 15 on the innershell 2 for supporting the arms 4, so that a gap or opening 14 is formed between v the inner ends of said flights and the said shell. Within the chambers 13 are the short flights 15 and 16, which are spaced from'the flights 12- and are respectively secured to the interior of theshell 1 and the exterior of the shell 2 by the angles 4:", and the flights 15,- may have their inner or free ends bent upwardly to form the shelf portions 17 thereon. I

. Within the "inner shell 2 and somewhat away'from the front or hot end of said shell are a number of helical flights 18, whichv extend to the rear end of said shell and are of spiral form 'for accelerating the move ment of the gases hereinafter described in. passing through said shell.

The gases generated in the B are 7 taken therefrom and passed through the chamber 19 around the outer shell 1 at the feed end, which will enable such gases to give up some of their heat and thereby pre- I surface, as Well as allowing an uncongested inlet for the wet material to enter the chambers 18, as hereinafter described.

Mounted on top of the furnace B is the exhaust fan 22, which has the exhaust flue 23 connected to the same and with the hopper 25 placed at the front end of the drum 6, which leads to the chamber 24 communi eating with the chambers 13. v

The material to be dried is passed through the hopper 25 and into the chambers 13 by -means of helical flights 26 in the chamber 2 1, and-such flights are secured to the outer shell 1. p

At the rear end of the drum 6 is the discharge head 27, which is connected to the rear end of the outer shell 1 and is provided with a discharge opening 28 in the same. This opening has adischarge casting 27 in the same, which is provided with a series of chutes 28 for communieating with the open air at their outer ends and at their inner ends with the lowerend of the buckets 29 in the head 27. lhe material after drying is discharged through the head 27, as the drum Z) is rotated, and the buckets 29 will carry such material from the bottom of the shell 1 up until it slides down by gravity through the casting 27 and chutes 28 i The chutes 28 maybe provided with thediverging sides 28", which will enable the material to free itself from the chutes and thus prevent choking of the same when one of the chutes is in position under its bucket 29 for discharging the material and when such bucket reaches substantially a vertical position, as the drum 7; is rotated.

The use and operation of my improved drier is as follows: With the furnace'lB in operation in the ordinary manner and with the use of any particular fuel in "theMSame as described, the gases generated in the furnace willpass in the usual way therefrom through the nozzles 20 leading from the furnace into the inner shell 2 while the material to be dried will be placed into the chamber 24c through the hopper 25 and from said chamber the material will be carried up into the chambers 13 by means of-the flights 26,with the rotation of the shells 1 and 2 by the mechanism 5. The gases will circulate through the inner shell 2, and

through the open rear end of the same, back into through the chambers-13 betweensuch shell .and the shell 1 by reason of the exhaust fan 22 being in operation and theexhaust' flue 23 thereon being connected with the,

front open ends of said chambers through the chamber-24, so that such be exhausted through said fan to the open gases thus air and during their circulation, as above described, will dry the material in the chambers 13. As the material enters the chambers 13 from the hopper 25 and flights 26, it will-be caught by the flights 12 and 15 on the outer shell 1 and thus works its Way through saidchambers, and throughout the lengths of the same, so that it can be thus dried and dropped into the chamber 24, be y'ond tllile shell 2. After being thus dropped t e through the discharge head 27 at the rear end of the drier, such movement of the ma terial being due to the inclination of the shells 1 and2 and the rotation of the same. During this movement of the material through the chambers18 and as it isbeing dried in such chambers 13 by, the circulae.

tion of the gases through the inner shell 2 and such chambers, the material "in the said chamber 24' it is discharged.

chambers will be lifted up by the flights1'5 i and their shelves 1?, so that it can drop down onto the flights 12 and 16 and thence onto the inner shell 2, thus cascading the material through the returning hot gases in said chambers, as such shells revolve, and as such gases pass to the fan 22. The gap or opening 14 formed at the inner ends of the flights 12 on the outer shell 1 is arranged so that the material will fall through the gases, while the flights 16 on the inner shell 2 are so arranged with relation to the deeper flights 12 that very little, if any, of the material can fall on the outer shell without first having passed over the inner shell.

For certain materials it may be advisable,

asshown in Fig. 4, for the flights 16 on the" inner shell 2 to be placed directly opposite the deep flights 12 on the outer shell 1, which will thus form practically a continuous plate 7 and thus do away with the possibility of cascading the material from the deep flights but making more positive the depositing of the material on the inner shell, while a certain amount of such cascading will still be placed at an angle to the ra ii of the inner shell *2 and also at an angle to the axis, so that the innermost edge 18 of the flights points toward the approaching gases,'such as is shown in Figs'l and" 3, and thus will cause the gases which pass over the top of the flights to be drawn down into the rarefied space behind theflights, thereby giving iao an impinging effect and offsetting the rareficatlon. lhe flights 18 may also be staggered as shown at 18, and cut and bent at an angle 18", as shown in Fig. 5, so as to form eddy currents to increase the motion ofthe gases over the surfaces. Instead of taking the gases from the furnace B around outer shell 1 and into the inner shell 2 by means of the nozzles 20, the front end of the shell can be flared outwardly, as at 29, to form an enlarged portion thereon, as shown in. Fig. 7 and thus prevent the gases from impinging against such front end, which will thereby retard their velocity and overcome the tendency of the plates composing such shell to burn out. Extending out from the front end of the enlarged portion 29 on the shell 2 is the collar or sleeve 30, which connects with the flue 31 leading from the furnace B for supplying the gases to the drum 6.

It is obvious that if the nozzles 20- were not frequently cooled by the wet material falling over their surfaces, they would soon 7 be destroyed by the high temperatures, and fo this reason they are arranged'as shown in rectangular or flattened form to retain the wet material on their several surfaces and to a maximum degree during the rotation of the cylinder 6. To more clearly describe this point, as the material enters the chamber 24, some of the helical flights 26 therein are so placed as to deliverthe wet material against the rear ends 20 of the nozzles 20 where it is retained by the side plates 20" of said nozzles until it is lifted to the top of the nozzles and slides down over the surfaces of the same, such plates extending beyond the ends of the nozzles to form the flanges 20. The balance of the material enters the spaces between the nozzles 20 and will slide over the surfaces of the nozzles as the cylinder 7) rotates and such material will advance until it reaches the inclined or farther ends 20 of the nozzles where such end of the rear side plate 20" is flush with the end as at 20, and the opposite side plate being extended, the wet material will be caught against the end plate 20 at the bottom and lifted up by the rotation of such cylinder until it slides over the surfaces of the nozzles. As shown in Figs. 8 and 9, these nozzles 20 can be set at an angle to the horizontal axis of the cylinder 6, as shown at 21. in which case the material will be conveyed more rapidly into the chambers 13, and will insure the retaining of the material on its surfaces as above described.

temperature and I greatest heating surface where the material is the wettest and will maximum heating surface and capacity for .floor space.

It will also be seen that the evaporated moisture from the drying material does not pass over the dried material, which thus avoids possibility of recondensation in same and permits a minimum temperature and quantity of heat to be carried away through the fan. 1

What I claim as my invention anddesire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A drier comprising a rotatable drum having an inner shell and an outer shell provided with a spaced portion between the same, said inner shell forming a flue for heated gases and communicating at its rear end with said spaced portion, means for feeding the material to be dried into said spaced portion, a discharge means for the material at the rear end. of said outer shell, and means within saidspaced portion for forming a series of chambers between said shells and for catching the material to deposit the same on the exterior of the inner shell.

2. A drier comprising a rotatable drum having an inner shell and an outer shell provided with a spaced portion between the same, said inner shell forming a flue for heated gases and communicating at its rear end with said spaced portion, means for feeding the material to be dried into said spaced portion, and flights within said spaced portion and secured tosaid outer shell,'said flights extending adjacent-to said inner shell for forming a series of chamhere between said shells and being adapted to catch the material for depositing the same on the exterior of the innershell.

3, A drier comprising a rotatable drum having an inner shell and anouter shell provided with a spaced portion between the same, said inner shell forming a flue for heated gases and communicating at its rear end with said spaced portion, means for feeding the material to be dried into said spaced portion, and flights in said spaced portion and secured to said outer shell for forming a. series of chambers, said flights extending in close proximity to said inner shell and having an opening formed between the inner end of the same and said shell and being adapted to catch the material for depositing the same on the exterior of said inner shell.

i. A drier comprising a rotatable drum having an inner shell and an outer shell provided with a spaced portion between the same, said inner shell forming a flue for heated gases and communicating at its rear end with said spaced portion, means for f feeding the material to be dried into said spaced portion, flights within said spaced portion and secured to said outer shell, said flights extending adjacent to said inner shell for forming a series of chambers between said shells and being adapted to catch the material for depositing the same on the ex terior of said shell, and shelves within said chambers and secured to the outer shell for lifting the material to be dropped on said flights.

5. A drier comprising a rotatable drum having an inner and an outer shell provided with a spaced portion between the same, said inner shell forming a flue for the heated gases and communicating at its end with said spaced portion, means for feeding the material into said spaced portion, means within said spaced portion for depositing the material on the exterior surface of the inner shell, and means within said inner shell for accelerating the movement of the gases within said shell.

6. A drier comprising a rotatable drum having an inner and an outer shell provided with a spaced portion between the same, said inner shell forming a flue for the heated gases-andcommunicating at its end with said spaced portion, means for feeding the material into said spaced portion, means within said spaced portion for depositing the material on 'the exterior surface of the inner shell, and helical flights within said inner shellfor accelerating the movement of the gases within said shell.

7. A drier comprising a rotatable drum having an inner and an outer shell provided with -a spaced portion between the same, said inner shell forming a flue for the heated gases and communicating at its end with said spaced portion, means for feeding the .material into said spaced portion, means within said spaced portion for depositing the material on the exterior surface of the inner shell, and helical flights within said shell having their edgesat an angle to the radius of the flue and toward the approaching gases for accelerating the movement of the gases within said shell.

8. A drier comprising a rotatable drum having an inner and outer shell provided with a spaced portion between the same, said inner shell forming a flue for the heated gases and. communicating at its rear end with said spaced portion, means for feeding the material into said spaced portion, means within said spaced portion for depositing the material on'the exterior surface of said inner shell, and means at the front end of said drum for circulating the gases from their source of supply around the outer shell before entering the inner. shell.

9. A drier comprising a rotatable drum having an inner and outer shell provided with a spaced portion between the same,

said inner shell forming a flue for the heated gases and communicating at its rear end with said spaced portion, means for feeding the material into said spaced portion, means within said spaced portion for depositing the material on the exterior surface of said inner shell, a chamber around the front end of said outer shell, and nozzles between said outer and inner shells and communicating with said chamber, said chamber and nozzles being adapted to circulate said gases from their source of said supply around the outer shell before passing into said inner shell. 2

10. A drier comprising a rotatable drum having an inner and outer shell provided with a spaced portion between the same, said inner shell forming a fine for the heated gases and communicating at its rear end face of said inner shell, a chamber around the front end of said outer shell, and nozzles between said outer and inner shells and communicating with said chamber, said nozzles being formed at an angle, said chamber and nozzles being adapted to circulate-said gases from their source of supply to said inner shell.

11. A drier comprising a rotatable drum having an inner and an outer shell provided with a spaced portion between the same, said inner shell forming a flue for the heated gases, means for feeding the material into said spaced portion, means within said spaced portion for depositing the material on the exterior of said inner shell, a dis-v charge head on the rear end of said drum having rectangular shaped discharge chutes within the same, and buckets on the interior of said head for lifting the material from the bottom of the outer shell and emptying the same into said chutes.

12. A drier comprising a rotatable drum having an inner and an outer shell provided with a spaced portion between the same,

gases, means for feeding the material into said spaced portion, means within said spaced portion for depositing the material on the exterior of said inner shell, a discharge head on the rear end of said drum having chutes within the same, and buckets on the interior of said head for lifting the material from. the bottom of the outer shell and emptying the same into said chutes, said chutes having diverging sides to permit the material to free itself from said chutes.

13. A drier comprising a rotatable drum havingan inner and an outer shell provided with a spaced portion between the same, said inner shell forming a flue for the heated gases, means for feeding the material into said spaced portion, means within said spaced portion for depositing the material on the exterior of said inner shell, a chame her within the outer shell and beyond the inner shell for cooling the dried material, a discharge head on the rear end of said outer shell and beyond said chamber, rectangular shaped discharge chutes in said head, and buckets on the interior of said drum for lifting the material from the bottom of said chamber and emptying the same into said chutes M. A drier comprising a rotatable drum having an inner and an outer shell provided with a spaced portion between the same, said inner shell forming a flue for the heated gases and communicating at its end with said spaced portion, means for feeding the material into said spaced portion, means within said spaced portion for depositing the material on the exterior surface of the inner shell, and helical flights Within said shell having their edges at an angle to the radius of the flue and toward the approach ing gases for accelerating-the velocity of the gases within said shell, said helical flights being staggered within said shell.

- 15. A drier comprising a rotatable drum having an inner and an outer shell lprovidedwith a spaced portion between -t e same, said inner shell forming a flue for the heated gases and communicating atits end with said spaced portion, means for feeding the material into said spaced portion, means within said spaced portion for depositing the material on the exterior surface of the inner shell, and helical flights within said shell having their edges at an angle to the radius of the flue and toward the approaching gases for accelerating the velocity of the gases within said shell, said helical flights having portions within the same cut and bent out at an angle to form wings.

16. A drier comprising a rotatable drum having an inner and outer shell provided with a spaced portion between the same,

5 said inner shell forming a flue for the heated gases and communicatingat its rear end with said spaced portion, means for feeding the material into said spaced portion, means within said spaced portion for depositing the material on the exterior surface of said inner shell, a chamber around the front end of said outer shell, and rectangular-shaped nozzles between said outer and inner shells and communicating with said chamber, said chamber and nozzles being adapted to circulate said gases from their source of supply around said outer shell before passing into said inner shell.

' 1?. A drier comprising a rotatable drum having an inner shell and outer shell provided with a spaced portion between the same, said inner shell forming a flue for the heated. gases and communicat at its rear end with said spaced portion, means for feeding the material into said spaced portion, means within said spaced portion for depositing the material on the exterior surface of said inner shell, a chamber around the front end of said outer shell, and rectangular-shaped nozzles between said outer and inner shells and set at an angle to the horizontal axis for communiating with said chamber, said chamber and nozzles being adapted to circulate said gases from their source of supply around said outer shell before passing into said inner shell.

18. A drier comprising a rotatable drum having an inner and outer shell provided with a spaced portion between the same, said inner shell forming a flue for the heated gases and communicating at its rear end with said spaced portion, means for feeding the material into said spaced portion, means within said spaced portion for depositin the material on the exterior surface of sai inner shell, a chamber around the front end of said outer shell, and rectangular-shaped nozzles between said outer and inner shells and communicating with said chamber, said chamber and nozzles being adapted to circulate said gases from their source of supply around said outer shell before passing into said inner shell, and said nozzles havin flange portions on each side of said ends and extending beyond the same.

19. A drier comprising a'rotatable drum having an inner and outer shell provided with a spaced portion between the same, said inner shell forming a flue for the heated gases and communicating at 'its rear end with said spaced portion, means within said municating with said chamber, said chamber 7 and nozzles being adapted to circulate said gases from their source of supply around the outer shell before passing into said inner shell, and said nozzles having flange portions on each side of said ends and extending beyond 'the same and having one of said ends provided with a single flange.

20. A drier comprising a rotatable drum having an inner and an outer shell provided with a spaced ortion between the same, said inner shell orming a flue for the heated gases and communicating at the rear end with said spaced portion,- means for feeding the materal into said spaced portion, means within said spaced portion for depcsitin the material on the exterior surface of sai inner shell, "a chamber around the front end of said outer shell, and flat-sided nozzles between the said outer and innershells and communicating with said chamber, said chamber and nozzles being adapted to circa-- its - said space for forming a series of chambershaving an inner shell and an outer shell and having a space between the same, said inner shell forming a flue for heated gases and communicating at its discharge end with said space, means for feedingthe material to be dried into said space, and means within between said shells and in communication with one another near the inner shell for catching the material to deposit the same on the exterior of the inner shell.

22. A drier comprising a rotatable drum having an inner shell and an outer shell-and nssaeeo forming a series of chambers between said shells and in communication with one another near the inner shell for catching the material to deposit the same on the" exterior of said inner shell.-

In testimony whereof, I, the said LINDSAY R. CHRISTIE, have hereunto set my hand.

LINDSAY R. CHRISTIE. Witnesses: 1 J. M. GEOGHEGAN,

J J. N. 'COOKE. 

